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Eine '''Community of Practice''' (CoP) ist eine Gruppe von Personen mit einem gemeinsamen Interesse, die durch regelmäßige Interaktion voneinander lernen.
Eine '''Community of Practice''' (CoP) ist eine Gruppe von Personen mit einem gemeinsamen Interesse, die durch regelmäßige Interaktion voneinander lernen.<ref>Wenger, E.: Introduction to Communities of Practice a brief introduction. URL: http://wenger-trayner.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/06-Brief-introduction-to-communities-of-practice.pdf.</ref>


<embedvideo service="youtube" description="Etienne Wenger im Interview über CoPs" urlargs="start=13&end=260">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63rQ3S8EHoA</embedvideo>
<embedvideo service="youtube">https://youtu.be/gVTkpEvT_9k</embedvideo>


== Definitionen ==
== Vorgehen ==
"'''Communities of practice''' are groups of people who share a passion for something that they know how to do and who interact regularly to learn how to do it better." ([[Wenger]] 2002)
 
“A group of people who come together to learn from each other by sharing knowledge learn from each other by sharing knowledge and experiences about the activities in and experiences about the activities in which they are engaged which they are engaged” (Wenger, 1998)
 
"Wissensgemeinschaften sind über einen längeren Zeitraum bestehende Personengruppen, die Interesse an einem gemeinsamen Thema haben und Wissen
gemeinsam aufbauen und austauschen wollen. Die Teilnahme ist freiwillig und persönlich. Wissensgemeinschaften sind um spezifische Inhalte gruppiert." (North, Romhardt, Probst)
 
== Methodenbeschreibung ==
Um Communities of Practice aufzubauen sind folgende Schritte notwendig (nach [[Etienne Wenger]]):
Um Communities of Practice aufzubauen sind folgende Schritte notwendig (nach [[Etienne Wenger]]):
===Stage 1: Potencial===  
===Stage 1: Potencial===  
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* Achten Sie darauf, dass sich die Communitie in einem bestimmten Rhythmus einspielt  
* Achten Sie darauf, dass sich die Communitie in einem bestimmten Rhythmus einspielt  


==Anwendungsbeispiel==
== Beispiele ==
*[http://www.cpsquare.org CPSquare] (The Community of Practice on Communities of Practice)
* [[Daimler]] TechClubs
*[[Caterpillar]] (Anwender)
* [[Deutsche Bank]] CoP
*[[EADS Airbus]] (Anwender)
* [[Festo]] Knowledge Networks
*[[Schaeffler KG]] (Anwender)
* [[Schaeffler]] Networks of Competence
*[[Siemens AG]] (Anwender)
* [[Siemens]] ShareNet und TechnoWeb
*[[Volkswagen AG]] (Anwender)


==Siehe auch==
== Siehe auch ==
* [[CoP-Profil (en)]]
* [[blp16|Benchlearning Projekt Internes Community Management]] (2015)
* [[CoP-Koordinator]]
* [[CoP-Koordinator]]
* [[CoP-Coordinator]]
* [[CoP-Support-Team]]
* [[CoP-Librarian]]
* [[Communities of Practice (Wenger)]]
* [[Communities of Practice (Wenger)]]
* [[Wissensgemeinschaft]]
* [[Wissensgemeinschaft]]
* [[Community Baukasten]]
* [[Virtueller Teamraum]]
* [[Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity]]


== Literatur ==
== Literatur ==
*ABWF (Hrsg.): [http://www.abwf.de/content/main/publik/report/2004/report-85.pdf QUEM Report Heft 85 - Wissenserzeugung und -austausch in Wissensgemeinschaften - Communities of Practice]. 2004.
* Wenger, E.: Cultivating Communities of Practice.
*Etienne Wenger: "Cultivating Communities of Practice"
* Wenger, E.: Communities of Practice - Learning, Meaning, Identity.
*Etienne Wenger: "Communities of Practice - Learning, Meaning, Identity"
* Wenger, E., Snyder, W.: [https://www.ohr.wisc.edu/cop/articles/communities_practice_wenger_snyder.pdf Communities of Practice: The Organizational Frontier]. 2000.
*Etienne Wenger, William Snyder: [http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item.jhtml?id=1317&t=organizations “Communities of practice: the organizational frontier”], Harvard Business Review, (January-February 2000), 139-145.
* Probst, G., Borzillo, S.: [http://herbsleb.org/SCALEpapers/probst-why-2008.pdf Why communities of practice succeed and why they fail]. 2008.
*Etienne Wenger: [http://www.ewenger.com/theory/start-up_guide_PDF.pdf Cultivating communities of practice - a quick start-up-guide]. 2002
* Saint-Onge, H., Wallace, D.: Leveraging Communities of Practice for Strategic Advantage. 2002.
*Hubert Saint-Onge, Debra Wallace: Leveraging Communities of Practice for Strategic Advantage. 2002.
* North, K., Romhardt, K.: Wissensgemeinschaften: Orte lebendigen Wissensmanagements. Dynamik - Entwicklung - Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten. 2002.
*[[Klaus North]], [[Kai Romhardt]]: [http://www.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de/Lehrangebot/Sommer2001/Wissensmanagement/download/literatur/CoP-Artikel%20im%20ioMgt.pdf Wissensgemeinschaften - Keimzellen lebendigen Wissensmanagements].
* North, K., Franz, M., Lembke, G.: [http://www.abwf.de/content/main/publik/report/2004/report-85.pdf Wissenserzeugung und -austausch in Wissensgemeinschaften - Communities of Practice]. 2004.
*Laurie Lock Lee: [http://www.actkm.com/actkm%20articles/Locklee%20-%20CoPLiteratureReviewMaster.pdf Leading Network Development Practices in 2002 - A Literature Review]. 2002
*Paul Hildreth, Chris Kimble: [http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/mis/KNICOP/Chapters/Introduction.html Knowledge Networks: Innovation through Communities of Practice]. 2004, ISBN 1591402700
*William Snyder: [http://www.co-i-l.com/coil/knowledge-garden/cop/cols.shtml Communities of Practice: Combining Organizational Learning and Strategy Insights to Create a Bridge to the 21st Century]. 1997


== Weblinks ==
== Weblinks ==
*[http://www.actkm.com/actkm%20articles/Locklee%20-%20CoPLiteratureReviewMaster.pdf Leading Network Development Practices in 2002: A Literature Review]
* [http://wenger-trayner.com/introduction-to-communities-of-practice/ Introduction to Communities of Practice a brief] von Etienne Wenger.
*[http://www.acs.org.au/Certification/Documents/KM/2003KM1-ImplementingCoPs.pdf Implementing Communities of Practice and After Action Reviews]
* [http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/equal_consolidated/data/document/0709-cop-guide_en.pdf Cultivating communities of practice - a quick start-up-guide] von Etienne Wenger. 2002.
* Etienne Wenger: [http://www.ewenger.com/theory/ Communities of practice a brief introduction]
* [http://web.stevens.edu/cce/NEW/PDFs/McDermott_Critical_Success.pdf Knowing in Community: 10 Critical Success Factors in Building Communities of Practice] von Richard McDermott. 2000.
* [http://www.knowledgelab.dk/now/e-portfolio/etienne_wenger Video-Interview mit Etienne Wenger über CoPs]
* [http://www.enbiz.de/wmk/papers/public/Wissensgemeinschaften.pdf Wissensgemeinschaften. Keimzellen lebendigen Wissensmanagements] von Klaus North, Kai Romhardt und Gilbert Probst in io Management. 2000.
* [http://www.tcd.ie/CAPSL/academic_practice/pdfdocs/Couros_2003.pdf Communities of Pracitce: A Literature Review]
* [http://www.actkm.org/userfiles/File/articles/Locklee%20-%20CoPLiteratureReviewMaster.pdf Leading Network Development Practices in 2002: A Literature Review].
* [http://www.juergensen.net/2010/01/erfolgsmessung-in-communities/ Erfolgsmessung in Communities]  
* [https://www.tcd.ie/CAPSL/_academic_practice/pdfdocs/Couros_2003.pdf Communities of Pracitce: A Literature Review]
* [http://www.juergensen.net/2010/04/erfolgsmessung-in-communities-traffic-kennzahlen/ Erfolgsmessung in Communities – Traffic Kennzahlen]
* [https://www.k4health.org/sites/default/files/Measuring%20the%20Impact%20of%20Communities.pdf Measuring the impact of communities] von Richard McDermott im Knowledge Management Review.
* [http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CB8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knowledgeboard.com%2Fdownload%2F1754%2FMeasuring-the-Impact-of-Communities.pdf&rct=j&q=%22measuring%20the%20impact%20of%20communities%22%20mcdermott&ei=HS4cTqa_KIicOtiE_awJ&usg=AFQjCNFOZHVtUyL9Hw_gQ5JK3vI7kOQnow&cad=rja McDermott: Measuring the impact of communities]


== Einzelnachweise ==
== Einzelnachweise ==
<references />
<references />


[[Kategorie:mgmt20toolkit]]
[[Kategorie:Methode]]

Aktuelle Version vom 12. November 2017, 14:35 Uhr

Eine Community of Practice (CoP) ist eine Gruppe von Personen mit einem gemeinsamen Interesse, die durch regelmäßige Interaktion voneinander lernen.[1]

Vorgehen

Um Communities of Practice aufzubauen sind folgende Schritte notwendig (nach Etienne Wenger):

Stage 1: Potencial

"defining the scope of the domain in a way that elicits the heartfelt interests of members and aligns with important issues for the organization as a whole.", a typical work plan:

  • Determine the Primary Intent of the Community (Helping communities, Best-practice communities, knowledge-stewarding communities, innovation communities)
  • Define the Domain and Identify Engaging Issues (Hinweis: Wissenslandkarte aufbauen)
  • Build a case for Action
  • Identify Potential Coordinators and Thought Leaders
  • Interview Potential Members
  • Connect Community Members
  • Create a Preliminary Design for the Community (Domain/Scope, hot topics, structure, roles, knowledge-sharing processes, and names of key members)

Stage 2: Coalescing

"establish the value of sharing knowledge about that domain, develop relationships and sufficient trust to discuss genuinely sticy practice practice problems, discover specifically what knowledge should be shared and how.", a typical work plan:

  • Build a Case for Membership
  • Launch the Community
  • Initiate Community Events and Spaces
  • Legitimize Community Coordinators
  • Build Connections Between Core Group Members
  • Find Ideas, Insights, and Practices That Are Worth Sharing
  • Document Judiciously
  • Identify Opportunities to Provide Value
  • Engage Managers

Stage 3: Maturing

"defining its role in the organization and its relationship to other domains, managing boundary of the community, shifting from simply sharing to organizing the community's knowledge, identifing its cutting edge.", a typical work plan:

  • Identify Gaps in Knowledge and Develop a Learning Agenda
  • Routinize Entry Requirements and Processes
  • Measure the Value of the Community
  • Maintain a Cutting-Edge Focus
  • Buils and Organize a Knowledge Repository

Stage 4: Stewardship

"maintain the relevance of the domain and find a voice in the organization, keep tone and intellectual focus of the community lively and engaging, keep the community on the cutting edge.", a typical work plan:

  • Institutionalize the Voice of the Community
  • Rejuvenate the Community
  • Hold a Renewal Workshop
  • Actively Recruit New People to the Core Group
  • Develop New Leadership
  • Mentor New Members
  • Seek Relationships and Benchmarks Outside the Organization

Stage 5: Transformation

"simply fading away, die because turning into a social club, split into distinct communities, become institutionalized."

Erfolgsfaktoren

  • Veränderungen initiieren
  • Eröffnung eines Dialogs zwischen internen und externen Perspektiven
  • Fördern Sie den Dialog zwischen den unterschiedlichen Wissensebenen (z.B. zwischen Experten und Neueinsteiger)
  • Unterstützen Sie sowohl öffentliche als auch private Bereiche des Austausches
  • Konzentrieren Sie sich auf den Mehrwert der sich für die Mitglieder der Communitie ergibt
  • Vereinen Sie Vertrautheit mit immer neuen Anzreizen
  • Achten Sie darauf, dass sich die Communitie in einem bestimmten Rhythmus einspielt

Beispiele

Siehe auch

Literatur

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

  1. Wenger, E.: Introduction to Communities of Practice a brief introduction. URL: http://wenger-trayner.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/06-Brief-introduction-to-communities-of-practice.pdf.